Otoritas Wahyu Allah dalam Teologi Karl Barth
Sebuah Dialog Kritis dengan Hermeneutika Kontemporer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33991/epigraphe.v10i1.599Keywords:
contemporary hermeneutics, Derrida, Gadamer, Karl Barth, revelation, Ricoeur, hermeneutika kontemporer, wahyuAbstract
Christian theology faces a double challenge: liberal theology's emphasis on human rationality, and contemporary hermeneutics' challenge to stable meaning and textual authority. Karl Barth's neo-orthodox theology holds that revelation is found exclusively in Jesus Christ, with Scripture as testimony rather than revelation itself. Although scholarship on Barth is abundant, few studies place his theology of revelation in explicit dialogue with contemporary hermeneutics, particularly Paul Ricoeur, Hans-Georg Gadamer, and Jacques Derrida. This study addresses that gap through a qualitative, literature-based method combining textual analysis and critical comparison. It finds that Barth's emphasis on divine initiative and biblical testimony resonates with Ricoeur's notion of surplus of meaning, yet faces serious challenges from Gadamer's fusion of horizons and Derrida's deconstruction, particularly regarding the reader's role and the instability of textual meaning. The study concludes that Barth's theology of revelation remains relevant for the contemporary church, but requires explicit hermeneutical rearticulation to meet today's epistemological challenges without surrendering the authority of revelation it affirms.
Abstrak
Teologi Kristen menghadapi tantangan ganda, yaitu teologi liberal yang menekankan rasionalitas manusia, dan hermeneutika kontemporer yang mempersoalkan kestabilan makna serta otoritas teks. Karl Barth, melalui teologi neo-ortodoksinya, menegaskan bahwa wahyu Allah hanya ditemukan dalam Yesus Kristus, dengan Alkitab sebagai kesaksian, bukan wahyu itu sendiri. Meski kajian atas Barth sudah melimpah, masih jarang penelitian yang mendudukkan teologi wahyunya dalam dialog eksplisit dengan hermeneutika kontemporer, terutama Paul Ricoeur, Hans-Georg Gadamer, dan Jacques Derrida. Penelitian ini mengisi kekosongan tersebut melalui metode kualitatif berbasis studi literatur dengan analisis teks dan perbandingan kritis. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penekanan Barth pada inisiatif ilahi dan kesaksian Alkitab selaras dengan gagasan surplus makna Ricoeur, tetapi menghadapi tantangan serius dari fusi horizon Gadamer dan dekonstruksi Derrida, terutama menyangkut peran pembaca dan ketidakstabilan makna teks. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa teologi wahyu Barth tetap relevan bagi ge-reja kontemporer, tetapi memerlukan reartikulasi hermeneutis eksplisit agar mampu menjawab tantangan epistemologis zaman ini tanpa kehilangan otoritas wahyu yang ditegaskannya.
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